Toxoplasma Gondii, Rubella Ve CMV Seroprevalansı: Beş Yıllık Sonuçların Değerlendirilmesi
Araştırma Makalesi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8320228Anahtar Kelimeler:
Toxoplasma Gondii, Rubella, CMV, SeroprevalansÖzet
Giriş: Toxoplasma gondii, insanlar da dahil olmak üzere hemen hemen tüm sıcakkanlı hayvanları enfekte eden ve en başarılı ökaryotik patojenlerden biri olarak kabul edilen bir protozoon parazittir. Dünya çapındaki insan popülasyonunun yaklaşık %30'u kronik olarak T. gondii ile enfektedir. İlk olarak 1962'de hücre kültüründen izole edilen kızamıkçık virüsü, tek sarmallı pozitif polariteli RNA genomu içerir. Kızamıkçık virüsü, Togaviridae familyasına aittir ve Rubivirüs cinsinin tek üyesidir. Kızamıkçık hastalığının veya sözde "Alman kızamığı" nın etken maddesidir. İnsan herpesvirüs ailesinin beşinci üyesi olan Sitomegalovirüs (CMV), klinik hastalığa neden olduğu bilinen en büyük virüslerden biridir. İnsan herpesvirüsleri 6A, 6B ve 7 ile birlikte beta-herpesvirüs alt ailesine ait çift sarmallı bir DNA virüsüdür.
Amaç: İntrauterin enfeksiyonlara neden olan ve benzer klinik tablolar oluşturan Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, CMV ve Herpes Simplex virüsünün neden olduğu konjenital enfeksiyonlar kompleksine TORCH sendromu adı verilmektedir. Biz çalışmamızda Gaziantep Halk Sağlığı Laboratuvarında Ocak 2018 - Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella ve CMV seroprevalansını tespit etmeyi amaçladık.
Yöntem: Çalışmamızda 1 Ocak 2018 ve 13 Haziran 2023 tarihleri arasında, birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarına çeşitli nedenlerle başvuran ve Rubella, CMV ve Toksoplazma için IgM ve IgG antikor testleri istenilen hastalara ait sonuçlar, Gaziantep Halk Sağlığı Laboratuvarı bilgi yönetim sisteminden geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Toxoplazma IgG antikor testi yapılan olgu sayısı 155 615, pozitif saptanan olgu sayısı 66 925 (%43.00) olarak saptandı. Toxoplazma IgM antikor testi yapılan olgu sayısı 226 874, pozitif saptanan olgu sayısı 5869 (%2.58) olarak saptandı. Rubella IgG antikor testi yapılan olgu sayısı 150 261, pozitif saptanan olgu sayısı 136 773 (%91.02) olarak saptandı.Rubella IgM antikor testi yapılan olgu sayısı 218 384, pozitif saptanan olgu sayısı 1488 (%0.68) olarak saptandı. CMV IgG antikor testi yapılan olgu sayısı 148 071, pozitif saptanan olgu sayısı 147 101 (%99.34) olarak saptandı.CMV IgM antikor testi yapılan olgu sayısı 216 972, pozitif saptanan olgu sayısı 2278 (%1.04) olarak saptandı.
Sonuç: TORCH sendromunu oluşturan hastalıklar daha çok fetüs ve yenidoğanda konjenital enfeksiyonlar yaptıkları için dünyada ve ülkemizde genellikle gebelerde epidemiyolojik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bizim çalışmamızın ise genel populasyonda yapılması ve olgu sayısının yüksek olması nedeniyle bu konuda literatüre ek katkı sağlayacağını umuyoruz.
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