Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Cardiovascular Events
Review Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13784433Keywords:
Obesity, Obesity and inflammation, Obesity and cardiovascular eventsAbstract
Obesity is a condition that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. It is associated with cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer and many other diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in obese individuals. In addition, many diseases including infection, obesity and diabetes are linked to inflammation. Obesity is associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein. Inflammation is also known to be increased in heart diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertrophic heart failure and myocardial infarction. Adipokines such as leptin, resistin, retinol binding protein 4 and inflammation mediators such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, CRP, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, etc. are involved in chronic inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are mainly released by cells of the immune system but are also synthesized by endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts after ischemic or hypertrophic stress. The heart has natural resources of endogenous origin to minimize the inflammation that occurs. To reduce cardiac inflammation, it is necessary either to increase the concentration of anti-inflammatory mediators or to decrease the concentration of pro-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, natural mechanisms of endogenous origin in the heart come into play to positively regulate cardiac function. In conclusion, reducing systemic inflammation and minimizing the activity of inflammatory immune cells will make a major positive contribution to cardiac inflammation.
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